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Narrative for trifecta?

The history of gerrymandering in South Carolina since 1972 is defined by a gradual political realignment from a one-party Democratic stronghold to a dominant Republican majority, culminating in high-profile legal battles over racial and partisan map-drawing after the 2020 census.

1970s to 1980s:
Post-Census Stasis and Early Intervention: Following the 1970 census, the state legislature made minimal adjustments to districts under the “one person, one vote” mandate, retaining four districts with significant Black populations, led by the 6th District at roughly 42% Black population. Following the 1970 census, the state legislature made minimal adjustments to districts under the “one person, one vote” mandate, retaining four districts with significant Black populations, led by the 6th District at roughly 42% Black population.

1990s to 2010s: Partisan Realignment and the 6th District:
Through the 1990s and 2000s, South Carolina shifted from Democratic dominance to a Republican-controlled General Assembly. Lawmakers drew maps to protect incumbent leads and cement a Republican advantage in most congressional and state legislative seats. The 6th Congressional District, represented long-term by Democratic Representative Jim Clyburn, remained the state’s sole majority-Black district, shaped to comply with the federal Voting Rights Act while isolating heavily Democratic Black voters.

The 2020’s:
Following the 2020 census, the Republican-controlled legislature redrew the coastal 1st Congressional District. The new map split Charleston County in half and moved roughly 30,000 predominantly Black voters out of District 1. This transformed a competitive swing district into a safe Republican stronghold. The ACLU of South Carolina and civil rights groups sued, and a three-judge federal district court unanimously ruled in January 2023 that District 1 was an unconstitutional racial gerrymander intended to “bleach” Black voters from the Charleston area.
In May 2024 the U.S. Supreme Court voted 6–3 to overturn the lower court. Justice Samuel Alito wrote that the challengers failed to prove race—rather than permissible partisan goals—was the predominant motivating factor behind the map. Following the federal defeat on racial gerrymandering, the Brennan Center and the League of Women Voters filed a new lawsuit in the South Carolina Supreme Court alleging the map violated state constitutional guarantees of “free and open” elections via partisan gerrymandering. The South Carolina Supreme Court unanimously dismissed the case, ruling that partisan gerrymandering claims present a non-justiciable political question because the state constitution contains no explicit standards to judge political map-drawing.

A 2026 attempt to redistrict:
South Carolina lawmakers pushed a mid-decade congressional redistricting effort under Bill H. 5683 in May 2026 designed to reshape the state’s voting districts. Lawmakers pushed a mid-decade congressional redistricting effort under Bill H. 5683, designed to reshape the state’s voting districts. Critics and advocacy groups characterized it as partisan and racial gerrymandering meant to eliminate the state’s sole Democratic, majority-Black district (held by Rep. Jim Clyburn) to make all seven seats favor Republicans.
May 14, 2026: Governor Henry McMaster called a special legislative session after regular session attempts stalled.
May 20, 2026: The South Carolina House approved the new map in a 74–37 vote following a controversial rules change limiting debate.
May 26, 2026: The South Carolina Senate rejected the procedural votes needed to rush and finalize the map while early voting for the June primary was already underway.
Because the Senate adjourned without passing the legislation, the effort failed to take effect, leaving the existing congressional map in place for the 2026 elections.

Ready for some homework?
DEEPER DIVE:

For a more complete overview of the earlier history of gerrymandering in South Carolina you can download this PowerPoint presentation, created by two upstate local chapters of the League of Women Voters.